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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Beta Cells ： ウィキペディア英語版 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Beta Cells Beta cells are heavily engaged in the synthesis and secretion of insulin. They are therefore particularly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response(UPR). Severe or prolonged episodes of ER stress can lead to the death of beta cells,〔Eizirik DL, Cardozo AK, Cnop M (2008) The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 29:42-61〕 which can contribute to the development of diabetes.〔Laybutt DR, Preston AM, Akerfeldt MC et al (2007) Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 50:752-763〕 == Activation of ER stress == ER stress can be activated by a variety of factors. In experimental conditions, excessive lipid (which can happen following obesity, a common condition preceding type 2 diabetes) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (which can occur following an inflammation, a common cause for type 1 diabetes) can activate ER stress in beta cells. Causes such as defective protein processing 〔Jeffrey KD, Alejandro EU, Luciani DS et al (2008) Carboxypeptidase E mediates palmitate-induced beta-cell ER stress and apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:8452–8457〕 and trafficking 〔Preston AM, Gurisik E, Bartley C, Laybutt DR, Biden TJ (2009) Reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi protein trafficking contributes to ER stress in lipotoxic mouse beta cells by promoting protein overload. Diabetologia 52:2369–2373〕 or inappropriate calcium regulation 〔Cunha DA, Hekerman P, Ladriere L et al (2008) Initiation and execution of lipotoxic ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells. J Cell Sci 121:2308–2318〕 are likely in lipid-mediated ER stress. On the other hand, cytokines are likely to activate ER stress by decreasing the calcium pump ''Serca2b'' (also known as ''Atp2a2''), leading to subsequent depletion in the ER calcium stores.〔Oyadomari S, Takeda K, Takiguchi M et al (2001) Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10845–10850.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Beta Cells」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.